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This paper highlights three key equity challenges linked to rapid outward expansion in cities of the global South: distorted land markets, deficient services in growing areas, and disjointed informal expansion. Unmanaged urban expansion increases the costs of service provision, deepens spatial inequities, and imposes heavy economic and environmental burdens.New analysis of the upward and outward growth of 499 cities over time confirms that the challenges of rapid outward expansion are greatest in lower-income cities that have weak planning and land governance and less mature financial markets.Assuming constant annual rates of growth, this would mean that we expect urban areas to increase in size by 80 percent between 20. Urban areas are expected to triple in size between 20.Towards a More Equal City is a series of 16 papers that examines if equitable access to core urban services can help achieve higher economic productivity and better environmental quality for the city.

The fifth thematic paper of WRI’s flagship World Resources Report (WRR), Towards a More Equal City, is the result of a collaboration between the Seto Lab for Urbanization and Global Change at Yale University and WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities. This paper highlights strategies cities can take to manage urban growth in a way that ensures more equal and productive cities. New analysis on 499 cities’ urban expansion confirm the challenge of rapid outward expansion are greatest in lower-income cities.Ĭities with rapid outward expansion are often challenged by distorted land markets, deficient services in growing areas, and disjointed informal expansion. Unmanaged urban expansion increases the costs of service provision, deepens spatial inequities, and imposes heavy economic and environmental burdens. Urban areas are expected to triple in size between 20.